Hydraulic power transmission



March 28,y 1939. W, P, VAN LAMMEREN 2,152,113

HYDRAULC POWERTRANSMISSION Filed Oct, 23, 1956 '2 sheets-sheet 1 Egl.' 1%-- w..P. VAN LAMMEREN 2,152,113- v HYDRAULIC PQWER TRANSMISSION.

March 28, 1939.

Filed oct. 25, 1956 2 sheets-shane PatentedAv Mai. 28,. '1939 uNi'rEo STATES PATENT vOFFICE y HYDRAULIC POWER TRANSMISSION lWillem Petrus van Lammeren, Voorschoten,

- Netherlands Application ctober 23, 1936, Serial No. 107,245 in Great Britain November 27, 1935 comms. (ciao-s4) A This inventtion relates to power transmissions of the Fttinger type, and the object of the invention is to provide improvements in the reversal of direction of such transmissions.

Such hydraulic transmission-gears have a driving vaned pump impeller, a driven vaned member and a non-rotating guide vaned member. The driven 'varied member is adapted to receive the active pressure of the now of the liquid from the impeller and to rotate in the forward direction. On the non-rotating guide vaned member acts the reactive pressure which is opposite to the active pressure. In consequence of this if, as in the present invention, the nonrotating guide vaned member is allowed to rotate and the driven vaned member is converted or changed to a non-rotating one, the guide vaned member will be set in rotation, opposite to the original forward direction of the apparatus. If at the same time the guide vaned member is coupled to the driven shaft and the original rotating .vaned member is disconnected from this shaft the apparatus is adapted to transmit theenergy of the flow of liquid in ,a direction reversed to the original one. This is the principle oi the present invention according to which an hydraulic power transmission of theA Fttinger type is characterised by the fact that the direction of the transmission of the energy canbe reversed without reversal of the direction of the stream of liquid itself, the driven vaned member and the guide vaned member exchanging functions on reversal so that the driven shaft is driven by said guide vaned member.

The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the annexed drawings in which: l

Fig. 1 shows an elevation, hal! in section, of a reversible hydraulic power transmission according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 oi Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is-a section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1.

Fig.. 4 is an enlarged detail view and Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view on the line'S- of Eig. 4.

The driving shaft is indicated by l, the driven shaft by 2. The driving vaned member 3, the

driven Varied member l, and the guide vaned member form together a hollow ring in which the liquid transmitting the energy from the driving shaft I tothe driven-shaft 2, circulates. The shafts I and 2 withthe vaned members 3, 4 and 5 are rotatively disposed in the casing 5. A ring 1 is rotatably mounted eoncentrleally with the guide vaned member 5 on a. circumferential part of the guide vaned member and is provided guide vaned member.

with the freewheel devices 8 between it and the A brake-band 9 encirclesthe ring I and is operate'd by the threaded spindle I0v in the following manner. The spindle I0 has a left-hand threaded part and a right-hand threaded part, which parts engage respectivelyy the left-hand and right-hand threaded screw nut-shaped ends II and I2 of the brake-band 9. By turning the spindle I0 by the crank I3 the ends II and I2 willvapproach one another or recede and in consequence the ring 1 will be respectively braked or loosened.

f the ring 1 is braked by the band-brake 9, the

freewheels 8 prevent the rotation of the guide for the vaned member 4 but without the lconcenV tric ring 1 with the free-wheel devices or equivalents 8. A brake band I4, operated in similar fashion bythe threaded spindle I5 and the crank I6 can brake the vaned member 4 against rotation in clockwise or anti-clockwise direction or can leave it free to rotate in either of these directions of rotation.

A toothed wheel I1 is provided on the end of the hollow shaft I8 integral with the vaned member 4, whilst a congruent toothed wheel I9 is provided on the end of the hollow shaft 2p integral with the guide vaned member 5. The adjacent parts of the bosses of the toothed wheels I1 and I9 are of equal diameter. A spring 2l constituting a one-way driving connection is provided on these adjacent parts of the bosses. The direction of the coils of the spring which acts in well known manner as a coil clutch is such that the toothed wheel I9 (andl in consequence the shaft 20 with the vaned member 5) is prevented from rotation in the direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow a (Fig. 3) at al speed greater than the varied member 4, thatk is, the spring serves to prevent the guide vaned member 5 from over-running the vaned member 4 during forward driving. The spring is shown to a larger scale in Fig. 4, being coiled round the sleeve extensions Il, I9a of the wheels I'I and I9 and is anchored or pinned at one end to the sleeve IlA. If the sleeve 20 tends to rotate at a greater speed than the shaft I8 in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 5 (l. e.,

opposite to the direction of arrow a, (Fig. 3)4

4 transmitted to the shaft 2.

If the internal gear 23 engages the toothed wheel i9, the rotation of the guide vaned member is transmitted to the shaft 2.

The working of the apparatus is as follows:

For clockwise direction of rotation, looking in the direction of arrow b, Fig. 1: 'I'he vaned mem ber l is permitted to rotate by release of the brake It; and the guideA vaned member 5 is braked by adjusting the cranks i6 and i3, whilst the shaft 2 is connected to the vaned member d by adjusting the crank 24 in such manner that the internal gear wheel 23 engages the toothed' wheel il. The simultaneous adjustment of the cranks I6, i3 and 26 may be executed in any suitable manner.

Now the driving shaft l with the vaned member 3 is set in clockwise rotation (looking in the direction of arrow b, Fig. 1. The circulating liquid sets the vaned member 4 also in clock- 'wise rotation and as the vaned member 4 is coupled by the shiftable annular member 22 to the Ashaft 2, this shaft will also rotate in clockwise direction. 'I'he guide vaned member 5 which is braked, serves as a reaction member to increase the torque on the driven shaft. On increase in the speed of rotation of the vaned member 4,'

the reaction pressure on the guide vaned member 5 decreases to zero and in order to prevent a braking of the vaned member 4 by the guide vaned member 5, the freewheels 8 allow the guide vaned member 5 to co-rotate with the vaned member 4 in clockwise direction, the spring 2l as above described, preventing the guide vaned' member 5 from over-running the vaned member d. I'he apparatus thus acts as a torque con-l verter at first, but when the speed of the vaned member 4 approaches that of the driving vaned member 3 and the guide vaned memberv 5 commences to rotate, the apparatus works as a hydraulic coupling, the guide vaned member 5 being inoperative as such. No claim is made to this feature per se.

For anti-clockwise rotation, `looking in the rection of the arrow b, Fig. 1. l

The guide vaned member 5 is permitted to rotate in a counter-clockwise direction by release of the brake 9, and the vaned memb'er i is braked by adjusting the respective cranks I3 and i6, whilst the shaft 2 isvcoupled to the guide vaned member 5 by adjusting the crank 24 in such manner that the internal gear wheel 23 engages the toothed wheel i9.

Now the driving shaft I with the vaned member 3 is set in. clockwise rotation. 'I'he vaned member t being braked, the fluid stream is repulsed in it in anti-clockwise direction and sets the guide vaned member 5 in anti-clockwise rotation and as the guide vaned member 5 is coupled by the sleeve 22 to the shaft 2, this shaft will also rotate in anti-clockwise direction. The vaned member 4 which is braked serves. as a reaction wheel, that is the reversals in the direction ofthe driven shaft 2 are obtained by caus' ing the vaned and guide vaned members 4 and 5 to exchange functions.

It will be understood that the above described construction for braking the vaned members and coupling the vaned members to the shaft may be altered without departing from the scope oi the' leasable braking means for preventing rotation of said first vaned member, a releasable oneway braking device for preventing rotation of thel second vaned member in the direction reverse to that of the iirst vaned member but allowing it to rotate in the same direction as the first vaned member so that the transmission can act as an hydraulic coupling, coupling means 'for selectively 'coupling either of said rotatable vaned members to the driven shaft and means for preventing said second vaned member rotating Afaster than the rst vaned member in the forward direction, the arrangement being that said rst vaned member acts as the forward driving member when its braking means is released and it is coupled to the driven shaft and -said second vaned member acts as the reverse driving member when its one-way braking means is released and it is coupled to the driven shaft, the first vaned member.

2. Anv hydraulic power transmission of the Fttinger type, comprising a driving and a driven shaft, a vaned pump impeller on the driving shaft, a first rotatable vaned member adjacent the driving vaned member and a second rotatable vaned member adjacent the rst rotatable vaned member, said vaned members cooperating to form a fluid Ipower transmitting circuit, releasable brake means for preventing ro tation of said first vaned member, a one-way brake device for preventing rotation of the second vaned member in the direction reverse to that of the rst'rotatable vaned member, cou'- pling means for selectively coupling either of said rotatable vaned members to the driven element and a one-way coupling'between said irst and second rotatable vaned members to prevent the latter rotating quicker than the first in the same direction, the arrangement being that said rst rotatable vaned member acts as the forward driving member when its brake means is released and it is coupled to the driven Ashaft and said vsecond rotatablevaned member acts as' the re-v verse driving member when its one-way brake vaned members co-operating to form a fluid power transmitting circuit, a brake for said iir'st rotatable vaned member, means for operatingv said brake, a rotatable element on said second member, a one-way coupling between said rotatable element and the vaned member, a brake for said element and means for operating said brake, coupling means for selectively coupling either of said rotatable vaned members to the driven element `and means for preventing said secondmentioned vaned member rotating faster than the firstmentioned vaned member in-the same direction, the arrangement being that said first vaned member acts as the forward driving member when its brake is released and it is coupled to the driven shaft and said second vaned member acts as the -reverse driving member when the brake for the rotatable element is released and the second vaned member is coupled to the driven shaft, the first vaned member being braked and acting'as a guide member.

4. An hydraulic power transmission of the Fttinger type comprising a driving and a driven shaft, a vaned impeller member on the former, a rotatable vaned member adjacent the impeller and a second rotatable vaned member adjacent the rst rotatable vaned member, said vaned members co-operating to 1formi a uid power transmitting circuit, a brake for said rst vaned member, means `for operating said brake, a rotatable element on `said second vaned member, a one-way coupling between said rotatable element and the vaned member, a brake for said rotatable element, means for operating said brake, a sleeve on said first vaned member rotatably mounted on the driven shaft, a sleeve on the second vaned member rotatably mounted on the. flrstmentioned sleeve, a clutchelement on each sleeve and a movable co-operating clutch' element on the driven shaft movable into en-I gagement selectively with either of said first-4 mentioned clutch elements, andl means between said clutch elements to preventthe second vaned member rotating faster in the forward direction than the tlrstmentioned vaned member, the arrangement being that said flrst vaned member acts as the forward driving member when its brake is released and it is coupled to the driven shaft and said second vaned member acts as the reverse driving member when the brake for the rotatable element is released and the second vaned member is coupled to the driven shaft, the first vaned member being braked and acting as a guide member.

5. A reversible hydraulic power transmission of the Fttinger type embodying a driving shaft', a driving vaned member thereon, a driven shaft, two rotatable vaned members, means for selectively preventing the rotation of any one of said two rotatable vaned members, a coupling between the free vaned member and the said driven shaft,

means for preventing rotation of one of the rotatable vaned members in directions opposite to the direction of rotation of the other rotatable vaned member, anda one-way clutch operable to control the relative speed of rotation of the said rotatable vaned members in the same direction.

6. A reversible hydraulic power transmission of the Fttinger typeembodying a driving shaft, a driving vaned member thereon, a driven shaft, two rotatable vaned members, means for selectively preventing the rotation of any one of said two rotatable vaned members, a coupling between the free vaned member and the said driven shaft, means for preventing rotation of one of the rotatable vaned members in directions opposite'to the direction of rotation of the other rotatable vaned member, and a one-way clutch operable to con'trol the relative speed of rotation of the said rotatable vaned members in the same direction, the said clutch being disposed between the two said rotatablev vaned members.

- PETRUS VAN LAMMIEREN. 40 

